The Research Mining Technology

Wednesday, 19 December 2012

Artificial Neural Networks

What are Neural Networks?
  •  Models of the brain and nervous system
  • Highly parallel 
               Process information much more like the brain than a serial computer
  • Learning
  • Very simple principles
  • Very complex behaviors
  • Applications
1.      As powerful problem solvers
2.      As biological models
Biological Neural Nets
Pigeons as art experts (Watanabe et al. 1995)
      Experiment:
  • Pigeon in Skinner box
 
  • Present paintings of two different artists (e.g. Chagall / Van Gogh)
 
  • Reward for pecking when presented a particular artist (e.g. Van Gogh)
  • Pigeons were able to discriminate between Van Gogh and Chagall with 95% accuracy (when presented with pictures they had been trained on)
  • Discrimination still 85% successful for previously unseen paintings of the artists
  • Pigeons do not simply memorise the pictures
  • They can extract and recognise patterns (the ‘style’)
  • They generalise from the already seen to make predictions
  • This is what neural networks (biological and artificial) are good at (unlike conventional computer)
 

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